/// CoyoteAdapter.java from Tomcat 6.0.20 with JOnAS-specific modifications.
///
/// Original file:
/// https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomcat/tc6.0.x/tags/TOMCAT_6_0_20/java/org/apache/catalina/connector/CoyoteAdapter.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */


package org.apache.catalina.connector;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.catalina.CometEvent;
import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.Globals;
import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.util.StringManager;
import org.apache.catalina.util.URLEncoder;
import org.apache.coyote.ActionCode;
import org.apache.coyote.Adapter;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.B2CConverter;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.ByteChunk;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.CharChunk;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.MessageBytes;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Cookies;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketStatus;

/**
 * JOnAS: Java(TM) Open Application Server
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Bull S.A.S.
 * Contact: jonas-team@ow2.org
 *
 * Application Versioning System
 * Copyright (C) 2008 France Telecom R&D
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
 *
 * --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * $Id$
 * --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

import org.ow2.jonas.web.tomcat6.versioning.ContextFinder;
import org.ow2.jonas.web.tomcat6.versioning.VersionedPathBean;

/**
 * Implementation of a request processor which delegates the processing to a
 * Coyote processor.
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 * @author Remy Maucherat
 * @version $Revision: 713174 $ $Date: 2008-11-11 22:22:17 +0100 (mar., 11 nov. 2008) $
 *
 * JOnAS-specific: Coyote Adapter with delegated context search.
 *
 * @see ContextFinder
 *
 * @author Frederic Germaneau
 * @author S. Ali Tokmen
 */

public class CoyoteAdapter
    implements Adapter 
 {
    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(CoyoteAdapter.class);

    // -------------------------------------------------------------- Constants


    public static final int ADAPTER_NOTES = 1;


    protected static final boolean ALLOW_BACKSLASH = 
        Boolean.valueOf(System.getProperty("org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.ALLOW_BACKSLASH", "false")).booleanValue();


    // ----------------------------------------------------------- Constructors


    /**
     * Construct a new CoyoteProcessor associated with the specified connector.
     *
     * @param connector CoyoteConnector that owns this processor
     */
    public CoyoteAdapter(Connector connector) {

        super();
        this.connector = connector;

    }


    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables


    /**
     * The CoyoteConnector with which this processor is associated.
     */
    private Connector connector = null;


    /**
     * The match string for identifying a session ID parameter.
     */
    private static final String match =
        ";" + Globals.SESSION_PARAMETER_NAME + "=";


    /**
     * The string manager for this package.
     */
    protected StringManager sm =
        StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);


    /**
     * Encoder for the Location URL in HTTP redirects.
     */
    protected static URLEncoder urlEncoder;


    // ----------------------------------------------------- Static Initializer


    /**
     * The safe character set.
     */
    static {
        urlEncoder = new URLEncoder();
        urlEncoder.addSafeCharacter('-');
        urlEncoder.addSafeCharacter('_');
        urlEncoder.addSafeCharacter('.');
        urlEncoder.addSafeCharacter('*');
        urlEncoder.addSafeCharacter('/');
    }


    // -------------------------------------------------------- Adapter Methods

    
    /**
     * Event method.
     * 
     * @return false to indicate an error, expected or not
     */
    public boolean event(org.apache.coyote.Request req, 
            org.apache.coyote.Response res, SocketStatus status) {

        Request request = (Request) req.getNote(ADAPTER_NOTES);
        Response response = (Response) res.getNote(ADAPTER_NOTES);

        if (request.getWrapper() != null) {
            
            boolean error = false;
            boolean read = false;
            try {
                if (status == SocketStatus.OPEN) {
                    if (response.isClosed()) {
                        // The event has been closed asynchronously, so call end instead of
                        // read to cleanup the pipeline
                        request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.END);
                        request.getEvent().setEventSubType(null);
                    } else {
                        try {
                            // Fill the read buffer of the servlet layer
                            if (request.read()) {
                                read = true;
                            }
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            error = true;
                        }
                        if (read) {
                            request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.READ);
                            request.getEvent().setEventSubType(null);
                        } else if (error) {
                            request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.ERROR);
                            request.getEvent().setEventSubType(CometEvent.EventSubType.CLIENT_DISCONNECT);
                        } else {
                            request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.END);
                            request.getEvent().setEventSubType(null);
                        }
                    }
                } else if (status == SocketStatus.DISCONNECT) {
                    request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.ERROR);
                    request.getEvent().setEventSubType(CometEvent.EventSubType.CLIENT_DISCONNECT);
                    error = true;
                } else if (status == SocketStatus.ERROR) {
                    request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.ERROR);
                    request.getEvent().setEventSubType(CometEvent.EventSubType.IOEXCEPTION);
                    error = true;
                } else if (status == SocketStatus.STOP) {
                    request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.END);
                    request.getEvent().setEventSubType(CometEvent.EventSubType.SERVER_SHUTDOWN);
                } else if (status == SocketStatus.TIMEOUT) {
                    if (response.isClosed()) {
                        // The event has been closed asynchronously, so call end instead of
                        // read to cleanup the pipeline
                        request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.END);
                        request.getEvent().setEventSubType(null);
                    } else {
                        request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.ERROR);
                        request.getEvent().setEventSubType(CometEvent.EventSubType.TIMEOUT);
                    }
                }

                req.getRequestProcessor().setWorkerThreadName(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                
                // Calling the container
                connector.getContainer().getPipeline().getFirst().event(request, response, request.getEvent());

                if (!error && !response.isClosed() && (request.getAttribute(Globals.EXCEPTION_ATTR) != null)) {
                    // An unexpected exception occurred while processing the event, so
                    // error should be called
                    request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.ERROR);
                    request.getEvent().setEventSubType(null);
                    error = true;
                    connector.getContainer().getPipeline().getFirst().event(request, response, request.getEvent());
                }
                if (response.isClosed() || !request.isComet()) {
                    if (status==SocketStatus.OPEN) {
                        //CometEvent.close was called during an event.
                        request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.END);
                        request.getEvent().setEventSubType(null);
                        error = true;
                        connector.getContainer().getPipeline().getFirst().event(request, response, request.getEvent());
                    }
                    res.action(ActionCode.ACTION_COMET_END, null);
                } else if (!error && read && request.getAvailable()) {
                    // If this was a read and not all bytes have been read, or if no data
                    // was read from the connector, then it is an error
                    request.getEvent().setEventType(CometEvent.EventType.ERROR);
                    request.getEvent().setEventSubType(CometEvent.EventSubType.IOEXCEPTION);
                    error = true;
                    connector.getContainer().getPipeline().getFirst().event(request, response, request.getEvent());
                }
                return (!error);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                if (!(t instanceof IOException)) {
                    log.error(sm.getString("coyoteAdapter.service"), t);
                }
                error = true;
                return false;
            } finally {
                req.getRequestProcessor().setWorkerThreadName(null);
                // Recycle the wrapper request and response
                if (error || response.isClosed() || !request.isComet()) {
                    request.recycle();
                    request.setFilterChain(null);
                    response.recycle();
                }
            }
            
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
    

    /**
     * Service method.
     */
    public void service(org.apache.coyote.Request req, 
    	                org.apache.coyote.Response res)
        throws Exception {

        Request request = (Request) req.getNote(ADAPTER_NOTES);
        Response response = (Response) res.getNote(ADAPTER_NOTES);

        if (request == null) {

            // Create objects
            request = (Request) connector.createRequest();
            request.setCoyoteRequest(req);
            response = (Response) connector.createResponse();
            response.setCoyoteResponse(res);

            // Link objects
            request.setResponse(response);
            response.setRequest(request);

            // Set as notes
            req.setNote(ADAPTER_NOTES, request);
            res.setNote(ADAPTER_NOTES, response);

            // Set query string encoding
            req.getParameters().setQueryStringEncoding
                (connector.getURIEncoding());

        }

        if (connector.getXpoweredBy()) {
            response.addHeader("X-Powered-By", "Servlet/2.5");
        }

        boolean comet = false;
        
        try {

            // Parse and set Catalina and configuration specific 
            // request parameters
            VersionedPathBean vpb = new VersionedPathBean();
            req.getRequestProcessor().setWorkerThreadName(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            if (postParseRequest(req, request, res, response, vpb)) {
                // Calling the container
                connector.getContainer().getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response);

                if (request.isComet()) {
                    if (!response.isClosed() && !response.isError()) {
                        if (request.getAvailable() || (request.getContentLength() > 0 && (!request.isParametersParsed()))) {
                            // Invoke a read event right away if there are available bytes
                            if (event(req, res, SocketStatus.OPEN)) {
                                comet = true;
                                res.action(ActionCode.ACTION_COMET_BEGIN, null);
                            }
                        } else {
                            comet = true;
                            res.action(ActionCode.ACTION_COMET_BEGIN, null);
                        }
                    } else {
                        // Clear the filter chain, as otherwise it will not be reset elsewhere
                        // since this is a Comet request
                        request.setFilterChain(null);
                    }
                }

            }

            if (vpb.getUserPath() != null && vpb.getVersionedPath() != null) {
                // Replace all cookies' paths with the versioned path
                String[] cookies = response.getHeaderValues("Set-Cookie");
                if (cookies != null) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                        String cookie = cookies[i].replace("; Path=" + vpb.getVersionedPath(), "; Path="
                                + vpb.getUserPath());
                        // Need to call addHeader if there is more than one cookie
                        // because setHeader resets cookie headers
                        if (i == 0) {
                            response.setHeader("Set-Cookie", cookie);
                        } else {
                            response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", cookie);
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Replace redirections' paths with the versioned path
                String[] locations = response.getHeaderValues("Location");
                if (locations != null && locations.length > 0) {
                    String location = locations[0];

                    int versionedPathStart = location.indexOf(vpb.getVersionedPath());
                    if (versionedPathStart != -1) {
                        String locationPrefix = location.substring(0, versionedPathStart);
                        String locationSuffix = location.substring(versionedPathStart + vpb.getVersionedPath().length() + 1);
                        location = locationPrefix + vpb.getUserPath() + locationSuffix;
                        response.setHeader("Location", location);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!comet) {
                response.finishResponse();
                req.action(ActionCode.ACTION_POST_REQUEST , null);
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            ;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            log.error(sm.getString("coyoteAdapter.service"), t);
        } finally {
            req.getRequestProcessor().setWorkerThreadName(null);
            // Recycle the wrapper request and response
            if (!comet) {
                request.recycle();
                response.recycle();
            } else {
                // Clear converters so that the minimum amount of memory 
                // is used by this processor
                request.clearEncoders();
                response.clearEncoders();
            }
        }

    }


    // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods


    /**
     * Parse additional request parameters.
     */
    protected boolean postParseRequest(org.apache.coyote.Request req, 
                                       Request request,
    		                       org.apache.coyote.Response res, 
                                       Response response,
                                   final VersionedPathBean vpb)
            throws Exception {

        // XXX the processor needs to set a correct scheme and port prior to this point, 
        // in ajp13 protocols dont make sense to get the port from the connector..
        // XXX the processor may have set a correct scheme and port prior to this point, 
        // in ajp13 protocols dont make sense to get the port from the connector...
        // otherwise, use connector configuration
        if (! req.scheme().isNull()) {
            // use processor specified scheme to determine secure state
            request.setSecure(req.scheme().equals("https"));
        } else {
            // use connector scheme and secure configuration, (defaults to
            // "http" and false respectively)
            req.scheme().setString(connector.getScheme());
            request.setSecure(connector.getSecure());
        }

        // FIXME: the code below doesnt belongs to here, 
        // this is only have sense 
        // in Http11, not in ajp13..
        // At this point the Host header has been processed.
        // Override if the proxyPort/proxyHost are set 
        String proxyName = connector.getProxyName();
        int proxyPort = connector.getProxyPort();
        if (proxyPort != 0) {
            req.setServerPort(proxyPort);
        }
        if (proxyName != null) {
            req.serverName().setString(proxyName);
        }

        // Parse session Id
        parseSessionId(req, request);

        // URI decoding
        MessageBytes decodedURI = req.decodedURI();
        decodedURI.duplicate(req.requestURI());

        if (decodedURI.getType() == MessageBytes.T_BYTES) {
            // Remove any path parameters
            ByteChunk uriBB = decodedURI.getByteChunk();
            int semicolon = uriBB.indexOf(';', 0);
            if (semicolon > 0) {
                decodedURI.setBytes
                    (uriBB.getBuffer(), uriBB.getStart(), semicolon);
            }
            // %xx decoding of the URL
            try {
                req.getURLDecoder().convert(decodedURI, false);
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                res.setStatus(400);
                res.setMessage("Invalid URI: " + ioe.getMessage());
                return false;
            }
            // Normalization
            if (!normalize(req.decodedURI())) {
                res.setStatus(400);
                res.setMessage("Invalid URI");
                return false;
            }
            // Character decoding
            convertURI(decodedURI, request);
            // Check that the URI is still normalized
            if (!checkNormalize(req.decodedURI())) {
                res.setStatus(400);
                res.setMessage("Invalid URI character encoding");
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            // The URL is chars or String, and has been sent using an in-memory
            // protocol handler, we have to assume the URL has been properly
            // decoded already
            decodedURI.toChars();
            // Remove any path parameters
            CharChunk uriCC = decodedURI.getCharChunk();
            int semicolon = uriCC.indexOf(';');
            if (semicolon > 0) {
                decodedURI.setChars
                    (uriCC.getBuffer(), uriCC.getStart(), semicolon);
            }
        }

        // Set the remote principal
        String principal = req.getRemoteUser().toString();
        if (principal != null) {
            request.setUserPrincipal(new CoyotePrincipal(principal));
        }

        // Set the authorization type
        String authtype = req.getAuthType().toString();
        if (authtype != null) {
            request.setAuthType(authtype);
        }

        // Request mapping.
        MessageBytes serverName;
        if (connector.getUseIPVHosts()) {
            serverName = req.localName();
            if (serverName.isNull()) {
                // well, they did ask for it
                res.action(ActionCode.ACTION_REQ_LOCAL_NAME_ATTRIBUTE, null);
            }
        } else {
            serverName = req.serverName();
        }
        MessageBytes versionedURI = ContextFinder.getContextURI(decodedURI, request, vpb);
        connector.getMapper().map(serverName, versionedURI, 
                                  request.getMappingData());
        request.setContext((Context) request.getMappingData().context);
        request.setWrapper((Wrapper) request.getMappingData().wrapper);

        String userPathWithEndingSlash = null;
        if (vpb.getUserPath() != null && vpb.getVersionedPath() != null) {
            if (vpb.getUserPath().length() > 1) {
                // The virtual context / has an ending slash, others don't
                userPathWithEndingSlash = vpb.getUserPath() + '/';
            } else {
                userPathWithEndingSlash = vpb.getUserPath();
            }
        }

        // Filter trace method
        if (!connector.getAllowTrace() 
                && req.method().equalsIgnoreCase("TRACE")) {
            Wrapper wrapper = request.getWrapper();
            String header = null;
            if (wrapper != null) {
                String[] methods = wrapper.getServletMethods();
                if (methods != null) {
                    for (int i=0; i<methods.length; i++) {
                        if ("TRACE".equals(methods[i])) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        if (header == null) {
                            header = methods[i];
                        } else {
                            header += ", " + methods[i];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }                               
            res.setStatus(405);
            res.addHeader("Allow", header);
            res.setMessage("TRACE method is not allowed");
            return false;
        }

        // Possible redirect
        String redirectPath = null;
        MessageBytes redirectPathMB = request.getMappingData().redirectPath;
        if (!redirectPathMB.isNull()) {
            redirectPath = redirectPathMB.toString();
        } else if (vpb.getUserPath() != null && vpb.getVersionedPath() != null) {
            if (!decodedURI.toString().startsWith(userPathWithEndingSlash)) {
                redirectPath = userPathWithEndingSlash;
            }
        }

        if (null != redirectPath) {
            String query = request.getQueryString();
            if (request.isRequestedSessionIdFromURL()) {
                // This is not optimal, but as this is not very common, it
                // shouldn't matter
                redirectPath = redirectPath + ";" + Globals.SESSION_PARAMETER_NAME + "=" 
                    + request.getRequestedSessionId();
            }
            if (query != null) {
                // This is not optimal, but as this is not very common, it
                // shouldn't matter
                redirectPath = redirectPath + "?" + query;
            }
            response.sendRedirect(redirectPath);
            return false;
        }

        if (vpb.getUserPath() != null && vpb.getVersionedPath() != null) {
            String requestURI = req.requestURI().toString();
            int userPathStart = requestURI.indexOf(userPathWithEndingSlash);
            if (userPathStart != -1) {
                String requestURIPrefix = requestURI.substring(0, userPathStart);
                String requestURISuffix;
                if (requestURI.length() > 1) {
                    requestURISuffix = requestURI.substring(userPathStart + userPathWithEndingSlash.length());
                } else {
                    requestURISuffix = "";
                }
                requestURI = requestURIPrefix + vpb.getVersionedPath() + '/' + requestURISuffix;
                req.requestURI().setString(requestURI);
            }
        }

        // Parse session Id
        parseSessionCookiesId(req, request);

        return true;
    }


    /**
     * Parse session id in URL.
     */
    protected void parseSessionId(org.apache.coyote.Request req, Request request) {

        ByteChunk uriBC = req.requestURI().getByteChunk();
        int semicolon = uriBC.indexOf(match, 0, match.length(), 0);

        if (semicolon > 0) {

            // Parse session ID, and extract it from the decoded request URI
            int start = uriBC.getStart();
            int end = uriBC.getEnd();

            int sessionIdStart = semicolon + match.length();
            int semicolon2 = uriBC.indexOf(';', sessionIdStart);
            if (semicolon2 >= 0) {
                request.setRequestedSessionId
                    (new String(uriBC.getBuffer(), start + sessionIdStart, 
                            semicolon2 - sessionIdStart));
                // Extract session ID from request URI
                byte[] buf = uriBC.getBuffer();
                for (int i = 0; i < end - start - semicolon2; i++) {
                    buf[start + semicolon + i] 
                        = buf[start + i + semicolon2];
                }
                uriBC.setBytes(buf, start, end - start - semicolon2 + semicolon);
            } else {
                request.setRequestedSessionId
                    (new String(uriBC.getBuffer(), start + sessionIdStart, 
                            (end - start) - sessionIdStart));
                uriBC.setEnd(start + semicolon);
            }
            request.setRequestedSessionURL(true);

        } else {
            request.setRequestedSessionId(null);
            request.setRequestedSessionURL(false);
        }

    }


    /**
     * Parse session id in URL.
     */
    protected void parseSessionCookiesId(org.apache.coyote.Request req, Request request) {

        // If session tracking via cookies has been disabled for the current
        // context, don't go looking for a session ID in a cookie as a cookie
        // from a parent context with a session ID may be present which would
        // overwrite the valid session ID encoded in the URL
        Context context = (Context) request.getMappingData().context;
        if (context != null && !context.getCookies())
            return;

        // Parse session id from cookies
        Cookies serverCookies = req.getCookies();
        int count = serverCookies.getCookieCount();
        if (count <= 0)
            return;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            ServerCookie scookie = serverCookies.getCookie(i);
            if (scookie.getName().equals(Globals.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME)) {
                // Override anything requested in the URL
                if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie()) {
                    // Accept only the first session id cookie
                    convertMB(scookie.getValue());
                    request.setRequestedSessionId
                        (scookie.getValue().toString());
                    request.setRequestedSessionCookie(true);
                    request.setRequestedSessionURL(false);
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        log.debug(" Requested cookie session id is " +
                            request.getRequestedSessionId());
                } else {
                    if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdValid()) {
                        // Replace the session id until one is valid
                        convertMB(scookie.getValue());
                        request.setRequestedSessionId
                            (scookie.getValue().toString());
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }


    /**
     * Character conversion of the URI.
     */
    protected void convertURI(MessageBytes uri, Request request) 
        throws Exception {

        ByteChunk bc = uri.getByteChunk();
        int length = bc.getLength();
        CharChunk cc = uri.getCharChunk();
        cc.allocate(length, -1);

        String enc = connector.getURIEncoding();
        if (enc != null) {
            B2CConverter conv = request.getURIConverter();
            try {
                if (conv == null) {
                    conv = new B2CConverter(enc);
                    request.setURIConverter(conv);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // Ignore
                log.error("Invalid URI encoding; using HTTP default");
                connector.setURIEncoding(null);
            }
            if (conv != null) {
                try {
                    conv.convert(bc, cc);
                    uri.setChars(cc.getBuffer(), cc.getStart(), 
                                 cc.getLength());
                    return;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    log.error("Invalid URI character encoding; trying ascii");
                    cc.recycle();
                }
            }
        }

        // Default encoding: fast conversion
        byte[] bbuf = bc.getBuffer();
        char[] cbuf = cc.getBuffer();
        int start = bc.getStart();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            cbuf[i] = (char) (bbuf[i + start] & 0xff);
        }
        uri.setChars(cbuf, 0, length);

    }


    /**
     * Character conversion of the a US-ASCII MessageBytes.
     */
    protected void convertMB(MessageBytes mb) {

        // This is of course only meaningful for bytes
        if (mb.getType() != MessageBytes.T_BYTES)
            return;
        
        ByteChunk bc = mb.getByteChunk();
        CharChunk cc = mb.getCharChunk();
        int length = bc.getLength();
        cc.allocate(length, -1);

        // Default encoding: fast conversion
        byte[] bbuf = bc.getBuffer();
        char[] cbuf = cc.getBuffer();
        int start = bc.getStart();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            cbuf[i] = (char) (bbuf[i + start] & 0xff);
        }
        mb.setChars(cbuf, 0, length);

    }


    /**
     * Normalize URI.
     * <p>
     * This method normalizes "\", "//", "/./" and "/../". This method will
     * return false when trying to go above the root, or if the URI contains
     * a null byte.
     * 
     * @param uriMB URI to be normalized
     */
    public static boolean normalize(MessageBytes uriMB) {

        ByteChunk uriBC = uriMB.getByteChunk();
        byte[] b = uriBC.getBytes();
        int start = uriBC.getStart();
        int end = uriBC.getEnd();

        // An empty URL is not acceptable
        if (start == end)
            return false;

        // URL * is acceptable
        if ((end - start == 1) && b[start] == (byte) '*')
          return true;

        int pos = 0;
        int index = 0;

        // Replace '\' with '/'
        // Check for null byte
        for (pos = start; pos < end; pos++) {
            if (b[pos] == (byte) '\\') {
                if (ALLOW_BACKSLASH) {
                    b[pos] = (byte) '/';
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            if (b[pos] == (byte) 0) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // The URL must start with '/'
        if (b[start] != (byte) '/') {
            return false;
        }

        // Replace "//" with "/"
        for (pos = start; pos < (end - 1); pos++) {
            if (b[pos] == (byte) '/') {
                while ((pos + 1 < end) && (b[pos + 1] == (byte) '/')) {
                    copyBytes(b, pos, pos + 1, end - pos - 1);
                    end--;
                }
            }
        }

        // If the URI ends with "/." or "/..", then we append an extra "/"
        // Note: It is possible to extend the URI by 1 without any side effect
        // as the next character is a non-significant WS.
        if (((end - start) >= 2) && (b[end - 1] == (byte) '.')) {
            if ((b[end - 2] == (byte) '/') 
                || ((b[end - 2] == (byte) '.') 
                    && (b[end - 3] == (byte) '/'))) {
                b[end] = (byte) '/';
                end++;
            }
        }

        uriBC.setEnd(end);

        index = 0;

        // Resolve occurrences of "/./" in the normalized path
        while (true) {
            index = uriBC.indexOf("/./", 0, 3, index);
            if (index < 0)
                break;
            copyBytes(b, start + index, start + index + 2, 
                      end - start - index - 2);
            end = end - 2;
            uriBC.setEnd(end);
        }

        index = 0;

        // Resolve occurrences of "/../" in the normalized path
        while (true) {
            index = uriBC.indexOf("/../", 0, 4, index);
            if (index < 0)
                break;
            // Prevent from going outside our context
            if (index == 0)
                return false;
            int index2 = -1;
            for (pos = start + index - 1; (pos >= 0) && (index2 < 0); pos --) {
                if (b[pos] == (byte) '/') {
                    index2 = pos;
                }
            }
            copyBytes(b, start + index2, start + index + 3,
                      end - start - index - 3);
            end = end + index2 - index - 3;
            uriBC.setEnd(end);
            index = index2;
        }

        uriBC.setBytes(b, start, end);

        return true;

    }


    /**
     * Check that the URI is normalized following character decoding.
     * <p>
     * This method checks for "\", 0, "//", "/./" and "/../". This method will
     * return false if sequences that are supposed to be normalized are still 
     * present in the URI.
     * 
     * @param uriMB URI to be checked (should be chars)
     */
    public static boolean checkNormalize(MessageBytes uriMB) {

        CharChunk uriCC = uriMB.getCharChunk();
        char[] c = uriCC.getChars();
        int start = uriCC.getStart();
        int end = uriCC.getEnd();

        int pos = 0;

        // Check for '\' and 0
        for (pos = start; pos < end; pos++) {
            if (c[pos] == '\\') {
                return false;
            }
            if (c[pos] == 0) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // Check for "//"
        for (pos = start; pos < (end - 1); pos++) {
            if (c[pos] == '/') {
                if (c[pos + 1] == '/') {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        // Check for ending with "/." or "/.."
        if (((end - start) >= 2) && (c[end - 1] == '.')) {
            if ((c[end - 2] == '/') 
                    || ((c[end - 2] == '.') 
                    && (c[end - 3] == '/'))) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // Check for "/./"
        if (uriCC.indexOf("/./", 0, 3, 0) >= 0) {
            return false;
        }

        // Check for "/../"
        if (uriCC.indexOf("/../", 0, 4, 0) >= 0) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;

    }


    // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods


    /**
     * Copy an array of bytes to a different position. Used during 
     * normalization.
     */
    protected static void copyBytes(byte[] b, int dest, int src, int len) {
        for (int pos = 0; pos < len; pos++) {
            b[pos + dest] = b[pos + src];
        }
    }


}
